6.+FRENCH+AND+INDIAN+WAR

//**The Albany Congress**// 1. Make Alliance with Iroquois Nation 2. Albany Plan of Union- proposed by Benjamin Franklin -attempt to create one general government for the 13 colonies…Grand Council would have representatives from each colony. Could make laws, raise taxes, and set up defense -The delegates approved it, but the colonial assemblies didn’t- no one wanted to give up their power.
 * Background to the War**
 * **French and English Warfare**
 * Between 1689-1748 England and France went to war (in Europe and North America)à The French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years’ War) was the fourth conflict- started in 1754.
 * **Dispute over the Ohio Valley**
 * Dispute over the Ohio River Valley [[file:///C:/Documents and Settings/userid/My Documents/My Schoolwork/Road to Revolution/FrenchIndianmap.gif|Disputed Area]]// //– As the British colonists continue to expand into the interior, come into contact with the French and their Indian allies (why called French and Indian War)// //THEME: EXPANSION//
 * //**George Washington**//
 * //George Washington: 22 year old when fighting broke out. Led the troops who fired the first shots of the war.//
 * //**Fort Duquesne vs Fort Necessity-**// //Background: had been ordered to build a new fort at the start of the Ohio River. When he got there, the French had already built Fort Duquesne.//
 * //Washington and his soldiers determined to carry through orders…built up a quick stockade (named it Fort Necessity) and tried to fight off French. Had to surrender.//
 * //The Albany Congress- representatives from seven colonies met together to decide what to do…// Colonies Working Together?//
 * **Goals:**
 * Importance: First time the colonies will attempt to unify, realize they will have to work together to beat French.
 * The Battles and War**
 * **Slow Start and General Braddock-** didn’t understand the terrain or Indian fighting style
 * Fort Duquesne (Braddock died), Fort William Henry, Fort Ontario
 * Turn of the Tide- William Pitt and Gen. Wolfe**
 * 1757 Pitt becomes head of the British government
 * Made the war in America his first priority…sent best generals, encouraged colonials to fight by promising them $ and supplies
 * Tide turned- captured Fort Duquesne…renamed Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) with the leadership of Gen. Wolfe
 * France’s Colonies Fall- by 1759, the British were pushing the French back.
 * Battle of Quebec- French capital of New France
 * City easy to defend on the cliffs…General Wolfe has men climb cliffs at night. By morning surprise the French. Both Montcalm and Wolfe died
 * Treaty of Paris**
 * Fall of Quebec meant the end of New France- Treaty of Paris signed
 * Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of Mississippi River except New Orleans.
 * French also allowed to keep islands in West Indies
 * Spain lost Florida but gained all French land West of Mississippi and New Orleans